China is witnessing a significant rise in respiratory illnesses, with Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) drawing considerable attention. Social media posts showing overwhelmed hospitals have fueled speculations about an epidemic, reminiscent of the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, health authorities, including the World Health Organization (WHO), have not declared a state of emergency.
While respiratory infections tend to peak in winter, the spread of HMPV, alongside other viruses like influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Covid-19, is raising concerns. The outbreak is currently being monitored closely by Chinese health officials.
What is HMPV?
Discovered in 2001, Human Metapneumovirus belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, which includes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections and affects individuals across all age groups. Vulnerable populations, such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems, are at greater risk.
Symptoms of HMPV
Common symptoms of HMPV include: Cough, Runny or stuffy nose, Fever Sore throat Wheezing or, shortness of breath in severe cases. In some instances, the infection can escalate to bronchitis or pneumonia, requiring medical intervention.
Who is Most at Risk?
Children under five, especially infants, Older adults, particularly those over 65. Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV is highly contagious and spreads through: Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, Direct contact, such as touching hands. Contaminated surfaces followed by touching the face Like many respiratory viruses, HMPV follows a seasonal pattern, peaking in winter and early spring.
How Does HMPV Compare to COVID-19?
While HMPV and Covid-19 share symptoms like cough, fever, and shortness of breath, there are notable differences: HMPV primarily peaks during winter and spring, whereas Covid-19 spreads year-round due to evolving variants. Both viruses can lead to severe complications in vulnerable groups, but Covid-19 has a higher rate of complications and transmission.
Why Are HMPV Cases Rising Post-COVID-19?
Studies suggest that HMPV cases have tripled in certain regions since Covid-19 restrictions were lifted. Prolonged lockdowns reduced exposure to viruses, weakening immunity and leading to a surge in respiratory infections once precautions were eased.
Steps to Stay Safe Health experts recommend:
Practicing good hygiene (frequent handwashing, sanitizing surfaces), Wearing masks in crowded areas Avoiding close contact with symptomatic individuals, Seeking medical care for persistent or severe symptoms
