Exercise for knee osteoarthritis: A large evidence review suggests that regular aerobic activity, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, can reduce pain, improve movement, and boost quality of life for people with knee osteoarthritis. The findings, published in The BMJ, indicate aerobic exercise outperforms other exercise types across most outcomes.
Researchers conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 217 randomised controlled trials involving more than 15,000 participants worldwide. They compared seven exercise approaches and assessed effects at roughly 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Aerobic training consistently delivered the greatest benefit on pain relief, gait performance, and overall quality of life.
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Knee osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability. While it cannot be reversed, experts say symptoms can be managed. “Osteoarthritis is wear and tear of cartilage at the end of bones, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function,” said Antonia F. Chen, MD, of UT Southwestern, who was not involved in the study.
Specialists recommend low- to moderate-impact activities for knee osteoarthritis, such as walking, stationary cycling, or pool workouts, while avoiding high-impact running or jump training. Gentle warm-ups and attention to form can help protect the knee’s hinge joint mechanics. Strength training at low to moderate intensity (for example, hip-hinge movements or step-ups) may add further gains when performed regularly.
Authors note the benefits hinge on consistency rather than intensity. Additional pain-management options can include weight loss, physical therapy, and other non-drug interventions, but patients should consult clinicians before starting new regimens.
